Tyre punctures are a common problem for drivers and usually happen when sharp objects like nails, screws, or glass pieces pierce the surface of the tyre. To understand how this works, it’s important to know the structure of a tyre.
A tyre is made of several layers. The outermost layer is thick rubber, designed to provide grip and resist minor damage. Beneath this, there are fabric or steel belts that give the tyre its strength and shape. Inside the tyre is an air-filled cavity, which supports the weight of the vehicle and ensures a smooth ride. When something sharp punctures the tyre, it breaks through these protective layers.
The puncture creates a small hole, and the air inside, which is under pressure, starts escaping. Air pressure is what keeps the tyre firm and inflated. When the air escapes, the tyre begins to deflate, eventually becoming flat. If the object stays stuck in the tyre, it may slow down the deflation, but the damage is still present. Driving on a punctured tyre can cause more harm by tearing the inner layers or damaging the rim.
Tyres that are underinflated or worn out are more vulnerable to punctures. A worn-out tyre has thinner rubber, making it easier for sharp objects to pierce through. Similarly, an underinflated tyre is less firm, so it can flex and bend more, increasing the chances of damage when rolling over sharp objects.
Preventing tyre punctures requires simple but regular maintenance. Inspect your tyres frequently for signs of wear and tear, such as cracks or low tread depth. Ensure your tyres are always properly inflated to the recommended pressure. Avoid driving over areas where debris, like broken glass or construction materials, is visible on the road.
If you do get a puncture, it’s important to address it quickly. Continuing to drive on a punctured tyre can make the damage worse and may even make the tyre irreparable. Carrying a tyre repair kit or knowing how to change a tyre can help in emergencies.
By understanding how tyre punctures occur and taking steps to prevent them, you can reduce the chances of getting stuck with a flat tyre and stay safe on the road.